Strakowski SM, Fleck DE, DelBello MP, et al.: Characterizing impulsivity in mania. Swann AC, Lijffijt M, Lane SD, et al.: Increased trait-like impulsivity and course of illness in bipolar disorder. Swann AC, Gerard MF, Steinberg JL, et al.: Manic symptoms and impulsivity during bipolar depressive episodes. Stanford MS, Mathias CW, Dougherty DM, et al.: Fifty years of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale: an update and review. Psychopharmacology 2000, 146:348–361.ĭougherty DM, Bjork JM, Marsh DM, Moeller FG: A comparison between adults with conduct disorder and normal controls on a continuous performance test: differences in impulsive response characteristics. Am J Psychiatry 2005, 162:1680–1687.Įvenden J: Varieties of impulsivity. Swann AC, Dougherty DM, Pazzaglia PJ, et al.: Increased impulsivity associated with severity of suicide attempt history in patients with bipolar disorder. Swann AC, Steinberg JL, Lijffijt M, Moeller FG: Impulsivity: differential relationship to depression and mania in bipolar disorder. Swann AC, Dougherty DM, Pazzaglia PJ, et al.: Impulsivity: a link between bipolar disorder and substance abuse. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 1983:77–116.īechara A, Damasio H, Tranel D, Damasio AR: Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy. In Biological Basis of Sensation-Seeking, Impulsivity, and Anxiety. Am J Psychiatry 1999, 156:181–189.īarratt ES, Patton JH: Impulsivity: cognitive, behavioral, and psychophysiological correlates. Mann JJ, Waternaux C, Haas GL, Malone KM: Toward a clinical model of suicidal behavior in psychiatric patients. Virkkunen M, Linnoila M: Brain serotonin, type II alcoholism and impulsive violence. Moeller FG, Barratt ES, Dougherty DM, et al.: Psychiatric aspects of impulsivity. Wiste AK, Arango V, Ellis SP, et al.: Norepinephrine and serotonin imbalance in the locus coeruleus in bipolar disorder. Ann Neurol 2008, 64(Suppl 2):S93–S100.Ībler B, Greenhouse I, Ongur D, et al.: Abnormal reward system activation in mania. Weintraub D: Dopamine and impulse control disorders in Parkinson’s disease. Harrison AA, Everitt BJ, Robbins TW: Central 5-HT depletion enhances impulsive responding without affecting the accuracy of attentional performance: interactions with dopaminergic mechanisms. Biol Psychiatry 2005, 57:1209–1211.Įvenden JL: The pharmacology of impulsive behaviour in rats II: the effects of amphetamine, haloperidol, imipramine, chlordiazepoxide and other drugs on fixed consecutive number schedules (FCN 8 and FCN 32). Swann AC, Birnbaum D, Jagar AA, et al.: Acute yohimbine increases laboratory-measured impulsivity in normal subjects. Prog Brain Res 2000, 126:183–192.Īcheson A, Richards JB, de Wit H: Effects of sleep deprivation on impulsive behaviors in men and women. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987, 44:345–354.Īrnsten AF: Stress impairs prefrontal cortical function in rats and monkeys: role of dopamine D1 and norepinephrine alpha-1 receptor mechanisms. Cerebrospinal fluid and urinary monoamine metabolites and treatment outcome. Swann AC, Koslow SH, Katz MM, et al.: Lithium carbonate treatment of mania. Janowsky DS, Leff M, Epstein RS: Playing the manic game: interpersonal maneuvers of the acutely manic patient. Manic episodes must be viewed in the context of the life course of bipolar disorder. Clinical management of impulsivity in mania involves addressing interpersonal distortions inherent in mania reducing overstimulation alertness to medical-, trauma-, or substance-related problems and prompt pharmacologic treatment. In mixed states, mania-associated impulsivity combines with depressive symptoms to increase the risk of suicide. Impulsivity is increased with severe course of illness (eg, frequent episodes, substance use disorders, and suicide attempts). Impulsivity in mania is pervasive, encompassing deficits in attention and behavioral inhibition. Manic individuals have abnormal dopaminergic reactions to reward and abnormal responses in the ventral prefrontal cortex that are consistent with impulsive behavior. Catecholaminergic function is related to impulsivity and mania. Impulsivity, a breakdown in the balance between initiation and screening of action that leads to reactions to stimuli without adequate reflection or regard for consequences, is a core feature of bipolar disorder and is prominent in manic episodes.
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